{"id":1325,"date":"2014-09-15T12:11:07","date_gmt":"2014-09-15T03:11:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/nghiemgia.com.vn\/?p=1325"},"modified":"2014-09-16T02:13:03","modified_gmt":"2014-09-15T17:13:03","slug":"quy-trinh-xay-nha-o-dan-dung","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nghiemgia.com.vn\/en\/quy-trinh-xay-nha-o-dan-dung\/","title":{"rendered":"Quy tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y nh\u00e0 \u1edf d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng"},"content":{"rendered":"

K\u1ebe HO\u1ea0CH X\u00c2Y NH\u00c0<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t khi x\u00e2y nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

N<\/strong>h\u1eefng y\u1ec1u c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u0103n nh\u00e0 b\u1ea1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng lu\u00f4n \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 cao: \u0111\u1eb9p, th\u1eddi gian s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf ra \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i to\u00e1n kh\u00f3, ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng chi ph\u00ed ph\u00e1t sinh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.<\/p>\n

L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean b\u1ea1n n\u00ean l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u0103n nh\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m b\u1ea1n qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i chi ph\u00ed hay c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t sau khi x\u00e2y xong.<\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i chi ph\u00ed, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng cho h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c v\u1eadt t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ecbnh kinh ph\u00ed d\u1ef1 tr\u00f9. B\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u00e0ng chi ti\u1ebft, ch\u00ed ph\u00ed ph\u00e1t sinh s\u1ebd c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng trong x\u1eady d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t c\u0103n nh\u00e0<\/p>\n

1.1 \u01af\u1edbc t\u00ednh chi ph\u00ed x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n d\u1ef1ng ki\u00ean c\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u0103n nh\u00e0 g\u1ed3m: m\u00f3ng, s\u00e0n, khung, t\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u00e1i, v\u00e0 k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 g\u1ea1ch l\u00e1t, tr\u1ea7n th\u1ea1ch cao, thang, k\u1ec7 v\u00e0 s\u01a1n n\u01b0\u1edbc trong ngo\u00e0i.
\nHi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh : kho\u00e1n theo m\u00e9t vu\u00f4ng tr\u00ean t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng (nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1eadt t\u01b0) \u2013 ho\u1eb7c kho\u00e1n nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng (v\u1eadt t\u01b0 do b\u1ea1n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ecbu)<\/p>\n

1.2 \u01af\u1edbc t\u00ednh chi ph\u00ed trang tr\u00ed n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/p>\n

G\u1ed3m chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 mua c\u00e1c c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sinh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 trang tr\u00ed trong ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1ch, ph\u00f2ng ng\u1ee7, nh\u00e0 b\u1ebfp, nh\u00e0 t\u1eafm v\u00e0 s\u00e2n.
\nC\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ed9p chung ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang ph\u1ea7n chi ph\u00ed x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0o kho\u00e1n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u<\/p>\n

1.3 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n chi ph\u00ed do c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u00edch l\u0169y, vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n xung quanh, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n t\u00edn ch\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p ch\u00ednh c\u0103n nh\u00e0 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n x\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

2. C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean<\/strong>
\n2.1 T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/strong><\/p>\n

Xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng nh\u00e0. Nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t sinh khi gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd khu \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ea1n x\u00e2y nh\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu, ho\u1eb7c n\u1eb1m trong khu v\u1ef1c quy ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n s\u1ebd t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u0103n nh\u00e0 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. B\u1ea1n n\u00ean t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o x\u00e2y nh\u00e0.<\/p>\n

2.2 T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/strong>
\nT\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 uy t\u00edn, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 khi thanh to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng thu chi trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n

3. L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cung c\u1ea5p cho KTS c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n m\u1ecdi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 mong mu\u1ed1n chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0. Nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 th\u1eafc m\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: xu h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9, phong th\u1ee7y, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n

\u201cL\u1eafng nghe l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a KTS n\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a KTS, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

G\u1ee3i \u00fd:<\/em><\/strong>
\nN\u00ean tham v\u1ea5n, t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u kinh nghi\u1ec7m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xung quanh v\u1ec1 kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n b\u1ea1c v\u1edbi<\/p>\n

KTS:
\nC\u00f4ng n\u0103ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u, t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi kh\u00f4ng gian, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng s\u1edf th\u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean gia \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng gian, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac xung quanh.
\nB\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m t\u00ednh th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9, khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

3.1 H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf bao c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n sau:
\nPh\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh minh h\u1ecda: g\u1ed3m ph\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh, s\u00e2n v\u01b0\u1eddn; ph\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u0103n nh\u00e0 theo ch\u00ednh di\u1ec7n, g\u00f3c; ph\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t b\u00ean trong.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh minh h\u1ecda gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n h\u00ecnh dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 sau khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng trong vi\u1ec7c b\u00e0i tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea1c, trang tr\u00ed c\u0103n nh\u00e0.
\nB\u1ea3n v\u1ebd k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt:<\/p>\n

H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 xin ph\u00e9p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng: s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh, m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng, m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ee9ng, m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft, b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng m\u00f3ng, chi ti\u1ebft m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft m\u00f3ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd ph\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n

H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt thi c\u00f4ng:<\/p>\n

– To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng, m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1i, m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng tr\u1ea7n, m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng l\u00e1t s\u00e0n.
\n– To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft c\u0103n nh\u00e0 (t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 2 b\u1ea3n), b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ee9ng.
\n– B\u1ea3n v\u1ebd tri\u1ec3n khai k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u b\u00ean trong: c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o thang, c\u1eeda, chi ti\u1ebft trang tr\u00ed, khu b\u1ebfp, v\u1ec7 sinh, ban c\u00f4ng, t\u1ea7ng h\u1ea7m, s\u00e2n v\u01b0\u1eddn, h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o, l\u1edbp c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c ph\u1ee5 tr\u01a1.
\n– B\u1ea3n v\u1ebd k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec7n; c\u1ea5p tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc; c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e2y t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, net, truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh\u2026; m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a, th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3\u2026; ch\u1ed1ng s\u00e9t, ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y n\u1ed5\u2026, an ninh.
\n– B\u1ea3n d\u1ef1 to\u00e1n chi ti\u1ebft t\u1eebng h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c gi\u00fap qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n kinh ph\u00ed x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.<\/p>\n

G\u1ee3i \u00fd:<\/strong><\/em>
\nH\u1ed3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1, \u0111\u00ednh k\u00e8m b\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft minh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd.
\nH\u1ed3 s\u01a1 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c c\u01a1 quan ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh 4 b\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh(\u0111\u00f3ng d\u1ea5u th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh)<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i 5%-10% chi ph\u00ed thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3(\u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf) \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u00e0n giao c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

3.2 L\u1eadp h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 xin gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c xin gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chi ti\u1ebft t\u1ea1i c\u01a1 quan h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ( Ph\u00f2ng Qu\u1ea3n L\u00fd \u0110\u00f4 Th\u1ecb, UBND. )
\nG\u1ee3i \u00fd:<\/strong><\/em>
\nM\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u1ec5n xin ph\u00e9p:<\/p>\n

X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ed5 c\u01b0 d\u01b0\u1edbi 3 t\u1ea7ng, nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 200 m2
\nTrong khu\u00f4n vi\u00ean c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p.
\nC\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa nh\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh l\u00e2n c\u1eadn<\/p>\n

T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u1eadp h\u1ed3 s\u01a1
\nV\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quy ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c
\nQuy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng: gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed9 cao, s\u1ed1 t\u1ea7ng, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch s\u00e2n v\u01b0\u1eddn, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, n\u01b0\u1edbc, gas, khu v\u1ef1c sinh ho\u1ea1t chung v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ed9 l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng<\/p>\n

4. L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u1ea7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 l\u1eadp h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ty t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u c\u00f3 uy t\u00edn, \u0111\u1ebfn xem nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 thi c\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Qua \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 \u01b0ng \u00fd.<\/p>\n

5. Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t thi c\u00f4ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thay m\u1eb7t ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecn. B\u1ea1n n\u00ean l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00f2ng tin.<\/p>\n

5.1 Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t:
\nKi\u1ec3m tra , \u0111\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed1c ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u.
\nGi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u1eadt t\u01b0. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang quy \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng, tr\u00e1nh l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed.
\nNghi\u1ec7m thu t\u1eebng h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh.
\nQu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m an to\u00e0n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

5.2 Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t<\/strong>
\nB\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3:
\nT\u1ef1 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t: n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n c\u00f3 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/p>\n

Thu\u00ea gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

5.3 V\u00ec sao ta c\u1ea7n b\u00ean gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i cho ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e0. V\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng, kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0103n nh\u00e0 t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c chi ph\u00ed h\u1ee3p l\u00fd nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

5.4 Chi ph\u00ed thu\u00ea gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t<\/strong><\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1 thu\u00ea gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t trong kho\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean 1.5tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng\/ th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ee1 nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 2-3% gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed cao >500 tri\u1ec7u.
\n5.5 Kinh nghi\u1ec7m chia s\u1ebb<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00ean tr\u00e1nh thu\u00ea gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t do ch\u1ee7 th\u1ea7u gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m t\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch quan. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u t\u1eeb ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

6. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1eb9o tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi x\u00e2y nh\u00e0<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u1eafm v\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7p v\u00e0 b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c c\u0103n nh\u00e0.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 k\u1ebf h\u1ea1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd nh\u00e0, chi ph\u00ed \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi x\u00e2y nh\u00e0.
\n\u0110\u1eb7t nhi\u1ec1u c\u1eeda s\u1ed5, c\u1eeda th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 tho\u00e1ng kh\u00ed trong c\u0103n nh\u00e0.<\/p>\n

S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.
\nL\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cung c\u1ea5p nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.
\nB\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn.
\n\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh trong nh\u00e0, n\u00ean \u01b0u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n, th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n an to\u00e0n n\u1ebfu trong nh\u00e0 c\u00f3 tr\u1ebb nh\u1ecf.
\n\u0110\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec1u ho\u00e0, m\u00e1y l\u1ea1nh ngay trong l\u00fac thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

B: CH\u1eccN V\u1eacY LI\u1ec6U X\u00c2Y D\u1ef0NG<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn xi m\u0103ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

Xi m\u0103ng l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u1ed9n v\u1eefa b\u00ea t\u00f4ng, x\u00e2y, t\u00f4 (chi\u1ebfm g\u1ea7n 70% to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c). L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn xi m\u0103ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho t\u00ednh v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.
\nN\u00ean l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u xi m\u0103ng c\u00f3 danh ti\u1ebfng, uy t\u00edn v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u l\u1eabn ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0.
\nGhi ch\u00fa :
\nXi m\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia theo c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1c (s\u1ee9c ch\u1ecbu n\u00e9n) nh\u01b0 200, 250, 300, 400, 500. Tr\u00ean v\u1ecf bao th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 PCB 40, PCB30\u2026
\nVd: xi m\u0103ng m\u00e1c 300 c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c ch\u1ecbu n\u00e9n 300kg\/cm2
\nKh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xi m\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u01b0u \u00fd sau cho b\u1ea1n khi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn xi m\u0103ng:
\nN\u00e2ng bao xi m\u0103ng l\u00ean, th\u1ea5y m\u1ec1m, t\u01a1i x\u1ed1p l\u00e0 xi m\u0103ng m\u1edbi. N\u1ebfu to\u00e0n bao c\u1ee9ng, v\u00f3n l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh kh\u1ed1i l\u00e0 xi m\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u0169.
\nKh\u00f4ng n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng xi m\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e1 2 th\u00e1ng t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

2. C\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn mua xi m\u0103ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

Chi ph\u00ed mua xi m\u0103ng chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 8% t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh. H\u00e3y ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn khi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u xi m\u0103ng m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n tin t\u01b0\u1edfng.
\nNh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n nh\u00e0 nh\u01b0 m\u00f3ng, b\u00ea t\u00f4ng, s\u00e0n, c\u1ed9t c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng xi m\u0103ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m t\u00ednh ki\u00ean c\u1ed1 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc.
\n\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea1ch (kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c), tr\u00e1t t\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u1eefng c\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0 gi\u1eb1ng t\u01b0\u1eddng, \u00f4 v\u0103ng c\u1eeda, lanh t\u00f4\u2026 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng xi m\u0103ng c\u1ea5p ph\u1ed1i m\u00e1c v\u1eefa, x\u00e2y, t\u00f4, b\u00ea t\u00f4ng, m\u00e1c th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed\u2026<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ecdn mua xi m\u0103ng l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u0103n nh\u00e0 t\u1ed1t<\/p>\n

3. C\u00e1t<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd g\u00e2y khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt nh\u01b0 t\u00f4 n\u1ee9t t\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u00e2n ch\u00ecm \u0111a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng\u2026 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1t khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ea1t. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 m\u00ecn, \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t, th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, nhi\u1ec5m ph\u00e8n hay nhi\u1ec5m m\u1eb7n.
\nH\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1t sau khi mua v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00e2y qua s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

4. \u0110\u00e1<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng th\u00eam s\u1ee9c ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c cho b\u00ea t\u00f4ng. K\u00edch c\u01a1 th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 1\u00d72 (h\u1ea1t l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t 20mm-25mm). \u0110\u00e1 t\u1ed1t l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u00e1m, g\u00f3c c\u1ea1nh nhi\u1ec1u v\u00ec s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ef1c k\u1ebft d\u00ednh v\u1edbi xi m\u0103ng ch\u1eafc, c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng cao.
\n\u0110\u00e1 khai th\u00e1c t\u1eeb m\u1ecf \u0111\u00e1 v\u1ec1, qua nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e2u trung chuy\u1ec3n s\u1ebd l\u1eabn t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n. N\u00ean y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee7 th\u1ea7u x\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eeda \u0111\u00e1 th\u1eadt k\u1ef9, l\u1ecdc s\u1ea1ch t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

5. N\u01b0\u1edbc<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch. Tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecdng trong ao h\u1ed3, n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e8n, n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ee3, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n, n\u01b0\u1edbc nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

6. B\u00ea t\u00f4ng v\u00e0 v\u1eefa<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u00ea t\u00f4ng l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean b\u1ed9 khung v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc cho ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd k\u1ef9 trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c tr\u1ed9n v\u1eefa b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.
\nB\u00ea t\u00f4ng l\u00e0 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00f3ng r\u1eafn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u g\u1ed3m ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh, c\u1ed1t li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn(\u0111\u00e1), c\u1ed1t li\u1ec7u nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 gia.
\nV\u1eefa l\u00e0 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh v\u00f4 c\u01a1, c\u1ed1t c\u00e1t li\u1ec7u nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 gia.<\/p>\n

(Nghiem Gia Architecture + Design – S\u01b0u t\u1ea7m)<\/p>\n